Exegetical Institute, Inc.

Course study By: Dr. Grady

OLD TESTAMENT PERSPECTIVE ON SALVATION

God’s original Intent for Mankind

According to Scripture, man was created as the image of God on earth. This is explicitly stated in Genesis 1:26 where God says, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that crept upon the earth.” The emphasis of the verse is not directed at what man is like, but rather what he actually is and what his function on earth is to be. Therefore, this verse teaches “man as the image of God, was created to represent God Himself as the sovereign over all creation.”

The Bible makes it clear that God is a Spirit (John 4:24) and a spirit has no image, then man obviously was not created in God’s physical image. Therefore it is better to understand that man was created with the moral nature of God. This image was a moral image where man was created in a state of innocence and original holiness. Original holiness can be defined “as a tendency of man’s affections and will, though accompanied by the power of evil choice, in the direction of the spiritual knowledge of God and of divine things generally.” Innocence means they did not know right from wrong unless God revealed it personally.

God, not choosing to create robots which would be programmed to love him for nothing; gifted man with a free will choice to either love Him or reject Him. The way man proves his love for God is through obedience to His commands. “Since the law of God expresses the holiness of God as the only standard for the creature, ability to obey cannot be the measure of obligation or the test of sin.” It must be man’s decision from the heart to remain faithful and loyal to his Creator’s direct command.

However, in a sinless world it is impossible for obedience to be tested and authenticated, for a sinless world is one with no options.” As a result, God provided a test to determine if man would remain faithful to Him. The test took the form of God’s command for man not to eat from the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil under penalty of death (Gen 2:16-17). This command defined for man something that he knew was wrong for man from God’s perspective.

Many people have looked at this prohibition as a means of limiting the freedom of man, however this should not be looked at as a restriction of his freedom, but rather a definition of it. It must be remembered that “ man and woman will not find freedom outside of the order that is defined for them by God’s word.” Concerning this command. This writer went so far as to speculate “the tree is called the tree of ‘knowledge of good and evil,’ because it is a God-appointed instrument to lead man through probation to that state of religious and moral maturity wherewith his highest blessedness is connected.” Regardless of what might have happened to man if he had not fallen, it was God’s intention from the very moment of creation that He would always be the sole source of provision and authority for man. He desired to be man’s God and King for all eternity.

God’s Promise to Provide a Means of Salvation for Fallen Man

If man had obeyed God’s command he would have remained in the image of God and be sovereign ruler over the earth just as the Edenic Covenant stated (Gen 2:15-17). However the Bible records that Satan deceived Eve into eating the forbidden fruit and she in turn gave the fruit to Adam and he ate (Gen 3:6). At this moment, the age of innocence for man was terminated and the perfect image of God in man was shattered.

By attempting to reverse roles and assert his independence of limitations, man became a marred and defective image, one who no longer could represent his sovereign in an unhampered and perfect way. Sin had introduced an alienation that affected not only the God-man relationship but also made the man a dying creature that could never hope to fulfill the covenant mandate as long as he remained in that condition.

Since Adam represented the entire human race as a whole, when sin became a part of his nature it was something he passed on to all of humanity (Rom 5:12). Therefore when Adam fell, all men became sinners in need of a Savior (Rom3: 23).

As soon as Adam disobeyed, he became “an enslaved in his personality constitution, separated from God, and destitute of divine purpose, mission and destiny.” In order for the relationship to be restored between God and man, man must once again become holy. Since man had fallen ,his hopes of becoming holy on his own merit were shattered. As a result, man became totally dependant upon God to provide a way of salvation that would once again restore his original position with God.

In God’s response to man’s sin, one finds God’s judgment was tempered with mercy. While God exiled man from the Garden of Eden which symbolized his broken relationship with God and his inability to carryout the sovereign role for which he was created, God also provided man with a hope of one day being restored into covenant fellowship with Him. Instead of simply allowing mankind to be doomed to an eternity separated from Him, God choose to keep the way open to redeem mankind back to Him.

Thus, Genesis chapter three ends with demonstration of God’s love for man when he evicted man from the garden of Eden so that man could not eat from the Tree of Life, which would have permanently sealed man’s separation from God (Gen 3:24). However, before God evicted man from Eden, He promised that from the seed of a woman, one would come that would crush Satan’s hold over mankind (Gen 3:15).

From this moment on, the Old Testament is filled with promises of a coming Messiah who would become the propitatiation for man’s sin (1John 2:2) and provide a means whereby man could once again enter into a relationship with a holy God (2Cor 5:21). The Old Testament records many general passages concerning the lineage and birth of such a Messiah. During the patriarchal age, God promised the Messiah would come from the seed of Abraham (Gen 12: 3), Isaac (Gen 17: 19), Jacob (Gen 28: 14), and He would come from the tribe of Judah (Gen 49:10).

After the Exodus, God shared through Moses the Messiah would be a prophet to the people (Deut 18:15). The Psalmist says the Messiah would be a priest representing the people before God, like Melchizedek (Ps 110:4). He would be hated without a cause (Ps 69:4), betrayed by a friend (Ps 41:9), men would cast lots for His coat (Ps 22:18), none of His bones would be broken (Ps34: 20), He would rise from the dead (Ps 16:10) and ascend into heaven (Ps 68:18).

Much of the prophets’ message’s revolved around prophecy concerning the Messiah. Isaiah stated he would be born of a virgin (Isa 7:4) and would be the rightful Heir to David’s throne (Isa 9:7, 11:1-5). Micah prophesied the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem (Mic 5:2), but Hosea predicted He would be taken to Egypt during His childhood (Hos 1:1). Isaiah said His public ministry would be in Galilee (Isa 9:1-2) and Zechariah predicted he would triumphantly enter the city of Jerusalem riding on a donkey (Zech 9:9). Both Isaiah and Zechariah have much to say about the Messiah’s suffering. He would be betrayed for thirty pieces of silver (Zech 11:12-13), rejected by the Jews (Isa 53:3), beat and spat upon (Isa 50”6), crucified with sinners (Isa 53:12), His side would be pierced (Zech 12:10), die a terrible death (Is 53:4-6), and be buried with the rich (Isa 53:9).

The above passages prove that God promised the Old Testament saints he would send a Messiah. In these passages God begins painting a prophetic road map for mankind concerning a coming Messiah. God wanted man to have a clear revelation of the Messiah, so that he would be able to identify the Messiah by His life. All of the above prophecies were recorded 400 to 1400 years before they were actually fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ. They prove God had given more than enough information concerning the Messiah, so that the reader of the old Testament would know Jesus was the promised Christ . In fact, Jesus even reminded the Jews that the very Scriptures they were placing their trust in for eternal life (the Old Testament), were the same Scriptures that bore witness that he actually was the promised Messiah (John 5:39).

God’s Plan of Salvation Unfolds in the Old Testament

In the Old Testament, God provides the plan whereby He would bring the promised Messiah into the world. Through the different stages of human history recorded in the Old Testament, God accomplished two things:

1. In every stage God brought man into a deeper understanding he

was a sinner in need of a Savior.

1. Each stage narrowed the path whereby the Messiah in God’s

Timing would step into human history.

These developments can be seen through the different covenants God made with man in the Old Testament.

The Adamic Covenant (Gen 3: 4-21)

After the fall, God made a covenant with Adam. It is the first general or universal covenant made between God and man after the fall. It was issued immediately after the fall and will be in effect until the curse of sin is lifted (Rom 8:18-23). In this covenant, God promises Adam that he would provide a Savior for all sinners (Gen 3:15). The Messiah would be born from women; therefore he would be a direct descendant of Adam and Eve.

After the fall, man operated on his God given conscience to know right from wrong (Gen 3:22). Man had a responsibility to do well in his relationships with both God and his fellow man. To commit evil would be an offering of sin (Gen 4:7a). Even though man understood right from wrong, over time his conscience became seared because his heart longed only for evil (Gen 6:5, 11-12). Man’s condition moved God to reveal more of Himself to man.

God met man’s failure with judgment in the form of a flood, which killed all mankind except righteous Noah and his family. Noah offers sacrifices to God for the salvation of his family (Gen 8:20) and God makes a new covenant with man through Noah (Gen 9:1-19).

This period of time in human history proved that even with a God given conscience to discern right from wrong, man would not seek after God. It reemphasized that man is truly a sinner in need of a Savior.

The Noahic Covenant (Gen (:1-19)

This covenant was made with Noah and his descendants after the flood, which had destroyed the world population. God gives this covenant so that Noah and all mankind after him might know the conditions laid down in the Adamic Covenant were still in effect. God’s plan for mankind had not changed. This included his intention to provide a Savior for mankind. In Genesis 9:26, one finds for “the first time in Scripture that God is called the God of some particular group of mankind” when he identifies himself with Noah’s son. Shem.” It is through Shem that God would carry on his redemptive work for mankind.

During this stage of human history, God introduced the idea of human government. In the noahic Covenant, God gave man the responsibility to organize and administer justice when a murder was committed (Gen 9:6). However, man was more interested in being like God than obeying God’s commandments (Gen 11:4). In order to get men’s focus off himself and back onto God, he confused man’s languages to stop the building of the Tower of Babel (Gen 11:5-8). This marked the origin of the races. Mankind dispersed throughout the earth and those who spoke alike-populated different parts of the earth.

This stage of human history proved that even with man policing other men’s actions, mankind as a whole still could not be faithful to God. Men were sinners in need of a Savior.

THE THEOCRATIC CONENANTS WITH ISRAEL

The Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 12:1-3). Since both man on his own and human government did not solve man’s tendency toward evil, God choose a people out of the nations of the earth to rule over the world through the Law. The Arahamic Covenant revealed several items concerning God’s unfolding plan of salvation for man. Besides personal blessings directed to Abram himself, there are three basic provisions in the covenant :

1. 1. God promised Abram a land as an eternal possession ( Gen 13:14-15).

2. God promised Abram through his ‘seed” there would come a great nation

1. (Gen 13:16) .
2. 3. God had promised through Abram’s seed (physical descendants), the
3. nations of the earth would be blessed (Gen 22:18)
4. The last of the above provisions pertains directly to God’s promise through the line of Abraham would come the Savior of Mankind. It was Abraham’s son Isaac who gave birth to Jacob who was later named Israel by God. The nation that came out of Jacob became God’s chosen people from which the Messiah would come (Gen 35:9-12).

The nature of the covenant is unconditional and does not require man’s obedience in order for the provisions to be filled. God made it plain to Abram that He was depending on himself to fulfill the covenant realized God Himself would fulfill its provisions. It would not be based on human effort (Gen 50:24, Deut 9:4-6).

God reiterated his covenant to Abraham throughout Abraham’s life (Gen 13:14-17, 15:1-7, 17:1-8, 18-21). Why the reiteration? It was important for Abraham and his descendants to believe in the promises of God. Their spiritual lives depended on it.

The Palestinian Covenant (Deut 29:10-15, 30:1-20): The “land” portion of the Abrahamic covenant is reemphasized in the “Palestinian Covenant.” The legal aspects of the covenant were both immediate and conditional upon Israel’s obedience (Deut 27-29). The grace aspects of the covenant are both future and unconditional based upon God’s promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. God will one day regather Israel from all the corners of the earth and will reestablish them in the land he has promised to them as an eternal inheritance (Deut 30. 3-5, Ezek 16:60-62).

The Davidic Covenant (2 Sam 7:4-17, Ps 89: 3-4): The “nation” portion of the Abrahamic covenant is reemphasized in the Davidic Covenant. It is an unconditional and everlasting covenant from God given to David. In the covenant recorded in 2 Samuel 1:7, God promised David a land for the nation of Israel forever (vs.10), an everlasting kingdom with an everlasting throne which would be occupied by one of David’s descendants (vs. 11-16). The One who would eventually occupy the throne of the Kingdom was none other than the promised Messiah.

The New Covenant (Jer 31: 31-34, Isa 61: 8-9): The “blessing” portion of the Abrahamic Covenant is reemphasized in the “New Covenant.” In this covenant God has promised redemption to Israel. It is both an unconditional and an everlasting covenant based upon the “ I will” of God. Its actual fulfillment is still future. This covenant promises the reality of regeneration for the people of Israel (Isa 59;21). It promises that Israel will be restored upon the blessings and favor of God (Hos 2:9-20), the forgiveness of sin for Israel (Jer 31:34), and the indwelling of redeemed Israel by the Holy Spirit (Jer 31:33). The Holy Spirit will be the teacher of God’s word and the nation of Israel will know the Will of God (Jer 31:34). War shall cease upon the earth and peace shall reign (Hos 2:18). All of this is made possible because of the work and ministry of the promised Messiah (Zech 9:11, heb 9:11-15).

The Mosaic Covenant (Ex 19:5-8, 24:1-8): The Mosaic Covenant was a conditional covenant between God and Israel, based upon Israel’s obedience. The purpose of the covenant was to reveal to God’s chosen people how to live as a ‘holy nation.” This was outline by God in three specific areas:

1. Commands governing their relationships with God (Ex 20:1-11)
2. Commands governing their relationships with other people (Ex 20:12-26, 21:1-24.11)
3. Ordinances governing how they were to approach God in worship (Ex 24:12-31.18).

The covenant was to be in effect until the promised “Seed” of Abraham, “Jesus”, came and fulfilled the law perfectly in order to become man’s sin sacrifice. The ordinances of this covenant are all types fulfilled in Christ (Gal 3:17-19,John 1:29).

Through the Mosiac Covenant, God revealed more of Himself to man and brought man into a deeper understanding of his need for a Savior. Man had failed to refrain from evil even with the promise of God’s blessing upon him. Therefore, God made it easier for man to obey in order to claim God’s promises. Man’s responsibility was to obey the Law of God and observe the sacrificial system revealed by God to man through Moses (Ex 19:4-6, Rom 10:5). However, man did not obey the commandments given to him by God (2 Kgs 17:7-17, 19, Acts 2:22-23). So God divided Israel into two groups, the eleven northern tribes of Israel and the Tribe of Judah (1 Kgs 12:19-20). God’s judgment came in the form of the dispersion through captivity. The eleven northern tribes of Israel entered into Assyrian captivity in 722 B.C., while Judah went into Babylonian captivity in 586 B.C.

This era of human history proved to man that even with a specific list of duties for him to abide by in order to claim the promises of God; he could still not remain faithful to God. He was a sinner in need of a Savior. The Mosiac Covenant was never intended to be a means of salvation to man, but rather that man might realize how hopeless it is to obey God even when he writes down what he wants on tablets of stone (Gal 3:22-24).

The Old Testament leaves man looking for God to fulfill His unconditional promise to provide a way of salvation through the coming Messiah who would become the propitiation for man’s sin. Only through His work and ministry would man ever hope to have the opportunity to once again be holy in the eyes of God. The Bible as a whole teaches the only salvation for man comes in the person of Jesus Christ. While New Testament saints place their faith and trust in the coming Messiah revealed to them by God through direct revelation and the prophets (Gen 15:6). Therefore, the words of Christ hold true for both new and Old Testament men alike, “I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me” (John 14:6).

The purpose for presenting material on the types is to “arouse interest in the study as a whole, and to emphasize the importance of comparing one with another.” The writer also believes that an understanding of the Old Testament types is necessary for a correct understanding of the Word of God. He also desires to acquaint Christians with the types in order to prevent them from suffering the personal loss of being ignorant of some wonderful teachings. A study of the types is beneficial to the Christian as they reveal truths about the Gospel, the inspiration of the Bible, the church, holiness, etc. In addition my desires are to bring the wonders of the types to the attention of Christians since the types are a much neglected area of study.

The reasons for the study of types are as follow:

1. First, God the father considers them to be very important. Through them He can teach men eternal truths about Himself and His plan for mankind while substantiating the veracity of His word by fulfilling minute details as given in the types.

2. Second, the types were important to the Lord Jesus Christ. During His earthly ministry, He referred to them and explained how they applied to Him. This then leads to the third reason.

3. Third reason why it is important to study the types which is that Christ is the subject of the types. The tabernacle, offerings, and feasts were designed to teach something about Christ.

4. Fourth, the writers of the New Testament accord it a prominent place. Their writings show how the types were fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

5. Fifth, the types provide the needed explanation of some new Testament passages which otherwise would be difficult if not impossible to understand.

6. Sixth, the study of the types is important because types deal with the whole spectrum of New Testament teaching.

7. Finally, the types are important because they keep the Christian from falling into the trap set by those involved in “ higher criticism” that doubt that the Bible is what it claims to be.

Presented here are ten double types.

1. The two birds prescribed for the cleansing of a leper

2. The two goats required on the Day of Atonement

3. The Red Sea and the Jordan

4. The two pillars of twelve stones used as a memorial

5. The manna and the old corn

6. The wilderness and the land

7. The tabernacle and the temple

8. Isaac and the ram

9. The priesthoods of Aaron and melchisedek

10. David and Solomon

Sometimes a single type in itself does not present a clear or complete picture so it must be combined with another type in order to clarify or complete its teachings. Types must be placed side by side in order to see the full meaning and to avoid mistakes in interpretation. Double types may be represented by two similar objects, such as the two birds required in the purification ceremony of a leper. One bird typifies the death of Christ while the other bird typifies the resurrection of Christ. Other types, such as the Red Sea and the Jordan River, which picture deliverance from Egypt and entrance into the land, are closely connected but emphasize different truths.

Not only are objects used to typify Christ, but Old Testament characters are also used. For instance, Aaron and Melchisedek are types of the priesthood of Christ, while David and Solomon present different aspects of His Kingship.

Some of the types present a definite Jewish interpretation, but they provide spiritual teaching for Christians today. Joseph is an example of this type in that, from the Jewish perspective, he demonstrates that Christ would not be recognized by His brethren, but the application for Christ in order to have needs met, just as all Egypt went to Joseph to have the need for food met.

Presented is the likening of the Levites and the Priests to the Christians. The Levites and priest of the Old Testament typify the believers of the Christian era in many ways. First, they picture believers in their position before God, which is a unique position. The Levites were numbered separately from the other tribes, were separated to minister in the tabernacle and temple and were given cities in which to live rather than land to occupy as were the other tribes. The Christians are likewise called a peculiar or unique people in Titus 2:4 and 1 Peter 2:9. The Levites were also unique in that the condemnation which fell upon the other tribes for their lack of faith in entering the Promised Land did not fall upon them, just as condemnation does not fall on the Christian because of his faith in Christ (Rom 8:1, John 3:18, 5:24). The Levites were also unique in that they were chosen to serve as priests to offer the sacrifices to God, and Christians also offer spiritual sacrifices to God (heb 13:15, Rom 12:1-2).

Second, the Levites and priests typify Christians in their place of service, the wilderness. Just as the Levites ministered during the wilderness wandering, the Christian ministers today in the wilderness of this life. The cities given to the Levites in the Promised Land typify the abiding place of the Christian, the Lord Jesus Christ. Both the Levites and Christians serve before the Lord in the sanctuary.

Third, the Levites and priests typify Christians in their manner of service. Not all of the members of the tribe of Levi were priests, but they were all involved in supporting the work of the priests. Likewise , all Christians are not pastors or full-time workers, but all should be involved in carrying out the work of the Lord. Also, the Lord designated to each family in the tribe of Levi their own particular responsibilities concerning the tabernacle or temple, just as the Lord, through spiritual gifts, directs Christians into their own particular sphere of service. In addition, only those born into the family of Aaron could function as priests and unless a man could prove that he was a member of that family, he was excluded from the priesthood. This is reminiscent of the Lord separating the wheat (believers) from the tares (unbelievers).

Fourth, the Levites and priests typify Christians in their future rest and service. The work of carrying the tabernacle came to an end for the Levites and so will the work of the believer end when he is taken home to be with the Lord. They were dressed in white linen and sang praises to the Lord, just as the Christians will do in heaven. The Levites ministered day and night while the Christians in heaven will serve God continually.

Explained here are seven examples of types of Christ’s resurrection.

1. The ark on Mount Ararat – Noah’s ark, as it passed through the deep waters, not only pictures the suffering and death of Christ, but when it came to rest on the top of Mt. Ararat and Noah stepped out of it, it typifies the resurrection of Christ. It is also possible that the ark came to rest on the corresponding date of the resurrection.

2. The sheaf of the first fruits – The waving of the sheaf of the first fruits was to take place on the first day of the week, and Christ, referred to as the first fruits, was resurrected on the first day of the week.

3. The budding of Aaron’s rod — The barren rod, devoid of buds, blossoms, or fruit, suddenly blossomed with new life, picturing the resurrection of Christ.

4. The live bird — The two birds required for the ceremonial cleansing of a leper typify Christ. The first bird which was killed pictures His death, but the other one which was allowed to fly away pictures the resurrection of Christ.

5. The stones at the Jordan River – When Israel passed through Jordan, some stones were left in the middle of the river signifying that the believer is dead with Christ, while others were placed on the shore and picture the believer being resurrected with Christ.

6. Three days and three nights – This time span in which Jonah was in the belly of the fish and his expulsion from the fish signify not only the death of Christ and his burial, but also His resurrection.

7. Isaac – Christ’s resurrection is typified in Isaac’s release from the altar of sacrifice.

Even though God uses types to illustrate truths about the resurrection of Christ, they are all imperfect. Not every aspect of a type will hold true to the typology. For instance, since Noah’s ark represents the believer’s place of eternal safety, Noah’s exit from the ark cannot be used as a type because the Christian can never remove himself from that place of safety. Also, in regards to Aaron’s rod, the type fails to hold true in every point since the rod was to be kept as a constant reminder of the sin of some of God’s people, Christ’s resurrection contains no hint whatsoever of man’s sins. Neither does Jonah hold true as a type since he was “resurrected” only to die again, whereas Christ was resurrected never to die again.

Explained here are several ways the experiences and accomplishments of Jesus are typified by bread (manna), corn (grain), oil (olive), etc. The olive oil used in the candlestick in the tabernacle and the corn used for the meal offering, which was beaten to produce the proper quality and consistency, picture the sufferings of the Lord Jesus Christ. Christ is typified by the unleavened bread eaten at the Passover celebration in that leaven, a symbol of sin was not present in Christ. The manna provided by God to the Israelites in the wilderness represents the incarnation of Christ. The portion of the meal offering given to the priests reveals the truth of the believer’s fellowship with God through Christ. The manna which fell from heaven typifies Christ’s eternal nature as well as His coming in the flesh. The grain of corn that is planted, dies, and produces more grain typifies Calvary. The broken bread refers to Christ’s crucifixion and His body that was broken for man’s sin. The grain or the sheaf of the first fruits typifies Christ’’ second coming. The showbread and the hidden manna speak of Christ in all His glory being present in Heaven and representing us before the Father. The corn gathered by Joseph during the years of plenty in Egypt is a type of the riches of Christ, which are available to all believers.

The types foreshadowing the death of Christ may be categorized in the following three ways:

1. Those where there was an actual shedding of blood

2. Those which picture Christ passing through the waters of judgment and death

3. Those which do not speak of the actual shedding of blood or of the waters of death.

Several examples of each group are as follow.

1. There are types in which there was an actual shedding of blood when

Animals’ were slain in sacrifice.

1. The coats of animal skins with which God clothed Adam and Eve

necessitate the death of the animal and are a type of salvation

provided only through the death of Christ.

1. The lamb sacrificed by Abel demonstrates the fact that without

the shedding of Christ’s blood there can be no remission of sins.

1. The ram caught in the thicket and which was sacrificed in Isaac’s

place is a type of Christ on Calvary giving His life for man.

1. The burnt offerings point to the perfect sacrifice of Christ and

His death in man’s place.

1. There are types where there is no mention of the shedding of blood,

and Christ is pictured as passing through the waters of judgment and death.

1. Deep waters picture sorrow and death and are a type of the judgment endured by Christ at His death.

2. Jonah spending three days and nights in the fish’s belly is a type of Christ’s death.

3. Noah’s ark which passed safely through the flood waters typifies Christ who is the believer’s place of safety.

4. The Israelites passing through the Red Sea and the Jordan River picture the death of Christ.

3. Some types do not speak of the shedding of blood or of the waters of death.

1. The lifting up of the brazen serpent pictures Christ dying on Calvary and that all men must look to Christ for salvation from sin just as the Israelites had to look at the brazen serpent to be cured of the snakebites.

1. The grain of wheat that must die after it has been planted shows the necessity of Christ’s death for the harvesting of souls.

The “Shekinah” is a visible manifestation of God’s glory, indicated His presence, and which took on the appearance of a pillar of cloud and fire. Both the cloud and the fire were used by God to lead Israel through the wilderness, and the cloud filled the tabernacle and the temple indicating His presence. As the cloud and fire manifested God’s presence, they typified Christ who possessed the glory of God and who was God manifested in the flesh (1 Tim 3:16).

The construction of the Ark of the Covenant as well as its contents is described in the following paragraphs.

The Ark of the Covenant, constructed of shittim wood, was an oblong box 3’9” by 2’3” by 2’3” in size. The entire ark was covered with gold both on the outside and on the inside. Four rings of gold, one at each corner of the ark, were used to transport the ark by the means of two staves made of shittim wood and overlaid with gold.

Placed within the ark were the tables of stone on which were written the Law as given to Moses on the second occasion. Also included were the pot of manna and Aaron’s rod, both of which were reminders of Israel’s wilderness wanderings. The mercy seat, or the lid of the ark, contained two cherubim at each end, and all of it was covered in gold.

The Ark of the Covenant typifies Jesus our Lord in various ways. The Ark of the Covenant was a perfect symbol of the Lord Jesus Christ. The ark itself and the two staves were constructed of shittim wood (Ex. 25: 23), a type of wood which was considered incorruptible and which speaks of Jesus Christ as the sinless One, the One who “Knew no Sin” (2Cor 5:21), who was “tempted like as we are, yet without sin” (Heb 4:15), “who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners” (Heb 7:26), and “who did no sin” (1pet 2:22).

The ark, both on the inside and the outside, and the staves were overlaid with pure gold, which symbolizes His deity, which is declared in John1:1 and Phil 2:6, 11. Taken together, the wood and the gold of the ark typify the two natures of Christ: His deity and His humanity.

The mercy seat typifies Christ in that it was bloodstained. On the Day of Atonement, the high priest sprinkled the blood of the bullock and the goat on the mercy seat between the two cherubim. This was a picture of the sacrifice of Christ which is spoken of in the book of Hebrews. There it is declared in Chapter nine, verses twelve and twenty-two that the shedding of blood is required for the remission of sins and that Christ shed His blood to provide redemption for man.

Besides the tables of stone, which were kept inside the ark, were the rod of Aaron and the manna. The manna was a symbol of Christ as the bread of Life (John 6:48-51). The golden pot which held the manna in the ark is a symbol of the deity and the humanity of Christ. The rod typifies, Christ as the resurrection and the life as He declared Himself to be in John 11:25.

Three coverings were used to protect the ark from the public gaze and from the weather. The veil represented the incarnation of Christ in which His deity was veiled by His humanity. The badger’s skins spoke of his humiliation when He was despised and rejected, while the cloth of blue typifies the heavenly character of Christ.

In order to truly appreciate the study of typology, the student must understand and accept the doctrine of the inspiration of the Scripture. To deny that they are God-breathed is to deny that God intended to place within visible objects truths not only concern Christ but believers as well. The continuity and accuracy of the types and their fulfillment cannot be explained apart from the inspiration of the Scriptures.

A simple definition of the word “type” is a person or object in the Old Testament that foreshadows another presented later in the Scriptures. The word comes from the Greek word for form or pattern and includes in its meaning both the original model as well as the copy that followed. The types point out that events, persons, and places became patterns by which later events, persons, and places are interpreted. The purpose of a type is to teach a lesson, as can be seen in 1Cor 10 which states that the experiences of the Israelites in the wilderness happened as examples or types and that they are recorded in the Bible in order to teach certain lessons. Although the types were designed by God to teach spiritual lessons, the people, incidents, and objects were real.

The antitype in typology is the later event, person, or place, which interprets or explains an earlier event, person or place. For instance, when the tabernacle is spoken of as being a type of Christ, He, then, is the anti-type. The antitypes are used in two ways:

1. They are used to show the relationship between two historical

situations such as the flood and baptism or between two people such as Adam and Christ.

1. They are used to show the relationship between a heavenly model and its earthly copy, such as the heavenly tabernacle and the Earthly tabernacle.

Explained are the terms: prophesy Typical Prophecy and Messianic Prophecy as they relate to Typology. Prophecy is the oral or written message delivered by a prophet from the Lord, and it contains, as one of its aspects, a predictive element. When related to typology, prophecy would be a message from God expressed in persons, places, or objects which foreshadow someone or something which is to appear later. When this takes place, it would then be called typical prophecy. Messianic prophecy, as it relates to typology, describes through types the coming of the Messiah, the king of Israel.

Presented is a textual sermon outline.

1. The Day of Atonement was a yearly sacrifice by which the sins of all Israel were put away.

A. A bullock was first offered for the sins of Aaron and his family, 16:6, 11. B. Two goats were sacrificed for all other Israelites, 6:7-10.

1. One goat was sacrificed as a sin offering, 6.9.

2. The other goat was released to go into the wilderness, 6.10

C. The Day of Atonement is a type of the Lord Jesus Christ.

II. Hebrews 9.26-28 refers to this type by mentioning the three

Appearances of Jesus Christ.

A. Christ appeared in the past, which was represented by the sacrifice of the Bullock and the goat, 9.26.

B. In the present He is in the presence of God in His capacity as High Priest 9:24

C. In the future Christ will return to earth for the second time 9:28

III. All that is written in the Bible is for the believers benefit, 1Cor10:11.

1. Christ’s sacrifice, as pictured in the animal sacrifices on the Day Of Atonement, made possible the remission of our sins, Heb 9”12-14,22 ; 10:4 .

1. Forgiveness of sin requires the shedding of blood

2. The blood of animals was not sufficient to cleanse from sin, but only served to picture the sacrifice of Christ.

3. Christ’s sacrifice is the only means whereby our sins may be purged.

1. Christ’s ministry on behalf of His children is currently going on in Heaven.

1. Christ ministers in the presence of God

2. As our High Priest who has paid the sacrifice, he is making intercession for us, Heb 7:25.

1. Christ’s ministry on our behalf is yet future when He will return to take us to be with Him forever, 1Thess 4:13-17

1. The Lord will descend from heaven.

1. There will be a shout

2. Michael, the archangel, will speak.

3. The trumpet of the Lord will sound.

1. The dead in Christ will then be raised.

2. The living will be caught up in the clouds.

3. A great reunion will then take place.

The five Levitical offerings, although differing in many respects, have several similarities. First, as a group, they all typify the Lord Jesus Christ and His work. They were designed by God in every detail to point to and to picture the One that was to come and lay down His life as a sacrifice for sin. Second, they are similar in that they provide an application to the hearts and lives of individuals. They show the need of forgiveness, the way of forgiveness, and the reality of justification for anyone who comes to Christ by faith.

Not only do the offerings as a group have similarities, but one offering may, in some way, have something in common with another. For instance, the Sin offering and the Trespass Offering each included sins of ignorance and present aspects of the work of Christ on Calvary. Another example is that in both the Burnt offering and the Sin Offering, the sacrifices were slain by the brazen altar and the person offering the sacrifice laid his hand on the head of the animal at the door of the tabernacle. As part of the Meal or Meat Offering, the priests were permitted to eat a portion of each sacrifice.

Although there are many similarities in the Levitical offerings, there are significant differences as well. For example, they foreshadow different aspects of the work of Christ, such as the peace Offering speaks of Christ’s work in providing peace between God and man, whereas the Burnt Offering shows that Christ’s sacrifice was accepted by God. Another example is the Sin offering and the Trespass Offering differ from the other offerings in that the body of the animal sacrifice was burned outside the camp rather than by the brazen altar. Also, the Burnt offering is different in that there is no mention in it of sin, but it instead speaks of justification, and in the Meat Offering there is no mention of death because it speaks of the perfect life of Christ that is acceptable to God. Finally, the Trespass Offering differs from the other offerings in that it was to be offered because something unclean had been touched.

Christ was the fulfillment of various aspects of these offerings. Each of the five Levitical offerings typifies some aspects of the work of Christ. The pictures of Christ presented in the Burnt offering were fulfilled in the life and death of Christ in which He perfectly accomplished the will of God. The sacrifice for this offering was required to be without blemish, which pictures Christ’s sinless life, and the ashes which remained speaking of God’s acceptance of Christ’s life and sacrifice.

The Meat Offering foreshadows the perfect human life of Christ which was represented by the flour that was thoroughly ground. Leaven, which typifies sin, is excluded from this offering, showing that Christ in His nature and actions was without sin.

Christ fulfilled the Peace Offering in that His death made possible peace between God and man. The sacrifice of the various animals especially that of the lamb, points to Christ who is the Lamb of God, which takes away sin.

In the Sin Offering, Christ is pictured as giving Himself as a sacrifice to God on man’s behalf. The animal was the substitute for the sinner, just as Christ was man’s substitute on the cross. The blood of the sacrifice was taken by the priest into the tabernacle and the sacrifice was burned outside the camp. The blood foreshadows God’s acceptance of Christ’s sacrifice, and the ashes foreshadow the fact that the believer’s sins have been consumed.

The Trespass offering in that it also likewise foreshadowed to be burned outside the camp likewise foreshadowed Christ taking upon Himself the responsibility for man’s sins against God. Whereas the Burnt Offering was a sweet savior to God, Christ, as typified in the Trespass Offering, was hidden from the face of God.

Garments are used typically to instruct believers concerning their standing with the Lord, and they may be divided into three classes.

1. 1. This class is comprised of those garments which speak to us of man-made garments. The fig leaves which Adam and Eve sewed together in order to cover their nakedness are an example of this type of garment. When, because of their sin, they realized they had a problem, they tried to remedy the problem themselves. Their attempt was the best solution they could devise, but it was far from adequate. The fig leaves, as they wilted and died, picture the hopelessness of man’s attempts to cover his sin.

   2. The fact of Adam and Eve’s insufficiency points to the necessity of the second class of garments which is comprised of God-given garments. God, by providing a covering of animal skins, not only revealed to Adam and Eve a better method of covering themselves, but also picture the necessity of man’s complete dependence of God for a covering for sin.

   3. The third class is made up of the fine linen garments which represent the righteous acts of saints that are performed through the power of the Holy Spirit. These garments are not generated by carnal energy, but must come from God just as the God-given garments do. In order to enjoy the God-given and the spirit-wrought garments, the believer must first rid himself of the man-made garments, or his attempts to make himself acceptable to God. Then the believer must allow God to place on him God’s covering so that the Holy Spirit may perform righteous acts through him.

   4. Each of the high priest’s garments typifies Christ. The coat, an inner garment, was made of linen which is a symbol of righteousness. The inner linen coat, then, speaks of the inner righteousness of Christ, that He was pure and sinless in His character.

   5. The girdle worn by the high priest was a symbol of his service as well as a symbol of strength for service. All of this is fulfilled in Christ who took on the form of a servant (Phil 2:6,7) and not only served God perfectly but also perfectly served man.

   6. The robe of the priest was symbol of his position, office, and character, and, therefore, foreshadowed the office and character of Christ as high Priest. Attached to the bottom of the robe were alternating golden bells and pomegranates. The sound of bells is equivalent to words, and the pomegranate represents deeds, picturing that Christ is perfect in word and deed. Because of the gold strands interwoven with the linen thread, the ephod was a beautiful garment. This mixture of gold and linen speaks of the two natures of Christ, the divine and the human. Just as the gold and linen were woven into one garment but yet remained distinct from the other, so Christ was both God and man in the same Person, yet these attributes also remained distinct one from the other.

   7. Attached to the breastplate worn by the high priest were twelve jewels, each of which represented one of the twelve tribes of Israel. As the priest ministered before the Lord, he kept the tribes before the Lord, just as Christ, the Great High Priest, bears the believers before God as He represents them and intercedes for them.

   8. The mitre, which symbolizes absolute subjection and obedience, speaks of Christ as the obedient One who came to do God’s’ will even to the extent of being obedient unto death. Worn on the front of the mitre was the golden plate on which was inscribed the words, “Holiness to the Lord.” The high priest stood as a representative before God of the holiness of the children of Israel. In this, he is a picture of Christ as the righteousness and holiness of those who have trusted Him.

Not only do the garments themselves typify Christ, but the colors of the garments also typify Him. Blue speaks of heaven and refers to the heavenly character of Christ. Scarlet speaks of His earthly glory, and purple represents His glory as King over the whole world.

Many typical places, their names, or locations are very significant when dealing with types. The names of some places mentioned in the Bible are typically significant and may be divided into two classes.

1. 1. The first class groups together those places whose names are full of meaning and which hold special typical significance because of the events which happened there. These events, happening at the locations they did, typified later events which happened at the same place. For instance, Bethlehem, which means the “ house of bread,” was the birth-place,” was ruled by Melchisedek who was called in scripture the king of peace and typifies Christ who came to bring peace between God and man and who is called Prince of Peace. Gilgal known as the place of the rolling away of reproach is the site where the people of Israel were circumcised and where they were repeatedly led by Joshua as a reminder to them that they could not trust in their own efforts to conquer the land. An event which could have happened no where else but at Gilgal was the Killing of King Agag by Samuel because of Saul’s disobedience in allowing Agag to live. Saul had acted in the flesh rather than in obedience to God, and Agag’s execution was a picture of God’s judgment on activities of the flesh.

   2. The second class of typical places foreshadows the person and work

of Christ. For instance, three altars are associated with mount Mariah. The first one was erected by Abraham on which he thought he must sacrifice his son, but on which instead God provided an animal sacrifice. This was also the site of the altar erected by David when the plaque was stopped there and of the altar of the temple which was later built by Solomon. These events typify the sacrifice which God would one day provide in the form of His Son. Another example is the Mount of Olives where David often went and which typifies Christ’s activities there. Both David and Christ went there to worship and pray, and when both were betrayed and rejected, they went to the Mount of Olives. Both of them wept there and from that spot spoke of their return, David of his return to his kingdom and Christ of His return to Heaven to set up His Kingdom.

Old Testament Men

Many Old Testament characters, such as Adam, Joseph, Moses, and David, are types of Jesus Christ. Some aspect of their lives foreshadows some truth about Christ. For instance, Adam typifies Christ in that he was given dominion over the animals in the Garden of Eden as was Christ given dominion over all creation. He also typifies Christ as the head of a race, and his relationship to Eve typifies Christ as the head of a race. They were envied, hated, conspired against, stripped, and betrayed into the hands of enemies. They each passed through a period of suffering and degradation, and pieces of silver were given in payment for their betrayal. Christ and Joseph became servants, they each gave a message of hope and doom to two men who suffered with them, and they both resisted the temptation to sin.

Moses was another who typifies Christ. As was Christ, Moses was rejected, misunderstood, and later recognized as their leader . Moses gave up the pleasures and riches of a royal court in order to serve God, and Christ gave up the pleasures and riches of a heavenly court in order to serve God. Moses was known as a very meek man, as was Christ, and also was a worker of miracles.

Another Old Testament type of Christ is David who, just like Christ, was born in Bethlehem, occupied an insignificant place in his family, and was anointed by God. David and Christ were both champions of their people.

However, because of the imperfections of man, all aspects of the lives of these Old Testament characters do not hold true as a type of Christ. Adam, for instance, brought death upon the human race by falling into sin, while Christ made life possible by conquering death.

Moses was also different from Christ in that he represented the law, whereas Christ was the means through whom grace and mercy came. Though Joseph’s humiliation is a type of Christ’s, the type does not hold true because his humiliation was not nearly as extensive as Christ’s nor did Joseph sacrifice himself as did Christ. David’s life likewise fails to hold true to the type because of his great sin concerning Uriah and Bath Sheba.

It is not only dangerous but also impossible for one person to typify another in every respect since no man is perfect and, therefore, the types cannot be perfect. This is especially true when using fallible human beings to typify the sinless Lord Jesus Christ. Human beings are not like the tabernacle, the temple, and the offerings which were specifically designed by God in every detail to remain entirely true to the type. Since man is imperfect it is impossible for every detail of his life to hold true to the type and herein lays the danger. If every aspect of the life of an Old Testament character is forced to support the type, then the outcome will be doctrinal error. For instance, if the fact of David’s sin is a type of Christ, then the conclusion would be that Christ could and did sin, therefore contradicting the clear teaching of Scripture concerning the impeccability of Christ. For this reason, it is imperative that the Bible characters must not be considered faithful in every respect to the type.

The Shepherd

Many shepherds spoken of in the Scriptures typify Christ who is presented as the Good Shepherd. One shepherd does not typify every aspect of Christ’s role as shepherd, so they must be considered as a whole in order to gain a complete picture of Christ as the Good Shepherd.

Abel, whose blood was shed at the hands of his brother Cain, is a type of Christ’s blood that was shed on Calvary. The value in Abraham’s eyes of his flock of sheep speaks of the value in which the Lord holds His people, the sheep whom God has given to Him. Jacob demonstrates the responsibility of the shepherded to protect the sheep, the same responsibility assumed by Christ in His duties as the shepherd of His sheep. In this way, Jacob is also a type of Christ by contrast because he was not always successful in protecting the sheep, but Christ will never lose one of His. Jacob also demonstrates the endurance of the shepherd. Just as a shepherd must watch over his sheep day and night, Christ is watching over his sheep constantly.

Joseph’s experience as a shepherd typifies the hatred of other so-called shepherds who rejected and hated the Good Shepherd. Moses, as a shepherd who led the people of Israel out of Egypt, is a type of Christ who leads His sheep. The deliverance from danger, either physical or spiritual, which Christ provides for His sheep, is typified by David who delivered his sheep from the bear and the lion. Also, when David went to the front lines of the battle to check on his brothers, he left them in the care of another shepherd. When Christ left his sheep to return to heaven, He left His sheep in the care of another, the Holy Spirit. When David’s sin caused God to send the plaque, David asked God to spare them and was punished for his own sin. Likewise, Christ asked God to spare His sheep and then took the punishment the sheep deserved upon Himself. The Sons of Simeon demonstrate that the Shepherd finds the pasture and that the sheep are not responsible for finding their own. Christ has likewise provided a safe pasture for His sheep that remain close to Him.

Described here are various ways the Holy Spirit is typified in the Old Testament.

1. Dove: The word for “Spirit” in Genesis 1:2 is a word which applies to bird brooding. This is the first instance among many throughout the Scriptures where the dove is shown to be a type of the Holy Spirit.

2. Abraham’s servant: He is a type of the Holy Spirit in several ways. First, he was sent by Isaac’s father to find a bride for Isaac, just as the Holy Spirit was sent by the heavenly Father to minister to believers. Second, the servant was charged with the task of bringing a bride from her home and family to Isaac’s. Today the Holy Spirit is calling out a people for His name. Third, the servant took some of the riches of Abraham with Him while the Holy Spirit came as the earnest of the Christian’s inheritance. Fourth, the servant’s task was to speak of the one who sent him, which is also the task of the Holy Spirit. Fifth, just as the servant guided Rebekah to Isaac’s home, the Holy Spirit guides the believer.

3. The ruler of Joseph’s house: At the command of Joseph, the

servant brought Joseph’s brothers home to Joseph’s house, and the Holy Spirit brings the sinner home to Christ.

1. The pillar of cloud typified the Holy Spirit because it was a symbol of God’s presence and guided the Israelites though the wilderness. The Lord spoke out of the cloud, and the Holy Spirit speaks now.

2. Water from the smitten rock – This water is a type of the Holy

Spirit in that it satisfied the people’s thirst, just as the Holy Spirit satisfies the spiritual thirst of believers.

1. The River of God typifies the Holy Spirit in the respect that fruitfulness is the result.

2. The wind: Just as the wind is needed to make a garden fruitful, the Holy Spirit is needed in the life of the believer to make him fruitful.

The Hebrew word “Rauch” means breath, wind, or spirit. In Ezekiel 37:1-10 wherever the word breath or wind is used, the word spirit (Holy Spirit) is the meaning interpreted correctly.

This portion of Scripture shows that two of the functions of the Holy Spirit are regeneration and restoration. Using the figure of the dry bones of any army slain in battle, Ezekiel pictures the then present condition of Israel. Israel was in a hopeless state politically and spiritually because God’s presence was not among them. Due to their sin and the ensuing captivity, the Holy Spirit was not active in the life of the nation. However, this condition would not continue forever. A political revival would occur, but the spiritual revival would only occur later and not until the Holy Spirit once again breathed life into the people.

The following is a detailed sermon outline with introduction, body and conclusion (application) demonstrating the type and the antitype.

1. Introduction

1. The Book of Habakkak guides us as to the understanding of road signs.

Guides which keeps us heading in the right direction. Road signs of

all shapes, sizes, and varieties direct us toward the point to which we

are heading. The purpose of the signs is to direct people to a

particular place. The Old Testament is this historical guide as history was being

recorded as history was being made. The most accurate history recorded.

B. It is very interesting to discover that, in the Old Testament, God has

signs to direct us to His son Jesus Christ. These signs are called

types. They are events, places, or persons that remind us of Christ’s

or some aspect of His work.

C. The most important types are the people who picture Christ. The

one person who is a type of Christ in more ways than any other

Bible character is Joseph.

II. Joseph is a type of Christ in many ways.

1. In relationships with others, Joseph is a type of Christ.

1. In Joseph’s relationship to his father he is a type of Christ,

Gen 37:2-4

2. No one loved Joseph as his father did,

3. The jealousy of Joseph’s brothers led them to conspire against him

Gen 37:18

4. Joseph’s brothers stripped Joseph out of his coat

5. They rejected his leadership, Gen 37.

1. 6. Joseph’s brothers were filled with envy, Gen 37:11

7. Jacob did not seem to believe what Joseph told him, yet he

“observed” Joseph’s saying.

1. In relation to their characteristics, Joseph is a type of Christ.

1. Both were assisted by the Holy Spirit.

2. Joseph is a type of Christ is his separation from Sin.

3. Joseph was dependable, Gen 39:6

4. Joseph was discreet and wise, Gen 41:39.

1. In relation to their work, Joseph is also a type of Christ.

1. The Lord was present with the, Gen39. Both Joseph and Christ

were dependent on God the Father.

2. Joseph was a servant.

3. When the people of Egypt came to Pharaoh to beg for food he told

them to “Go unto Joseph, what he saith to you, do” Gen 41:55

Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians.

4. When Reuben reminded his brothers that he had warned them against

harming Joseph, he said that because they had done it they now found

themselves in serious trouble in Egypt, Gen 42:22

5. Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn.

1. Joseph revealed his identity to his brothers, Gen 45:1

2. Joseph knew that when his brothers sold him as a slave that they intended it for harm but that God had intended it for good, Gen 45:7

3. Joseph invited his brothers to “come unto me“ Gen 45:18, 19. Following Jacob’s death, Joseph’s brothers felt that Joseph would get revenge for what they had done to him, but Gen 50:21 says, “Now therefore fear ye not : I will nourish you, and your little ones.

4. Joseph comforted his brothers, Gen 50:21.

D. Joseph is pictured a type of Christ in relation to their experiences.

1. Joseph and Christ were betrayed for 30 pieces of silver

2. They were both taken into Egypt

3. Several events in Joseph’s life typify the trial , crucifixion, and resurrection of Christ.

4. As Joseph rode in his chariot through the streets, servants went before him crying, “Bow the knee”, Gen 41:43.

5. Jacob was told that Joseph was alive , Gen 45: 25-26

6. Jacob said , “Now let me die, since I have seen thy face, because thou art yet alive,”

E. In relation to Christ’s ministry to mankind, Joseph is a type of

Christ.

1. Joseph told his brothers to bring Jacob and their families to Egypt

where he will nourish them.

1. Joseph bought the people of Egypt, Gen 47:23

2. The books of Joshua and Judges mention Joseph’s family as a type of the spiritual blessings provided by Christ.

1. The typology present in Joseph’s life should be a blessing to our hearts as we realize how carefully God worked in Joseph’s life to direct people to His Son. God has clearly posted signs so that mankind will not miss Christ. In order to obtain eternal life, we cannot take any other road than the road of faith in Christ’’ sacrificial death on the cross. Jesus Himself said, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No man cometh unto the Father but by me.” The way has been clearly marked for centuries. There is no excuse if we fail to follow God’s road signs.

2. As we close on the subject of types, we find Jesus was pictured as the Messiah to come throughout the Old Testament. Christ was pictured in the law and ceremony. Christ was pictured in the prophesy. Christ was pictured in the rituals. Christ was pictured in the traditions. All the contrast reminds us of the Christ to come in the Old Testament. Most of all the types prove the Messiah has come. Christ was the reason each book in the Old Testament was written. Christ shown in different ways in each of the old testament books as follow:

Genesis- The Seed of Woman

Exodus-The Passover Lamb

Numbers-Our Atoning Sacrifice

Deuteronomy-The Profit To Come

Joshua-Captain of Lords Host

Judges-Deliver of God’s People

Ruth-Kin Mans Redeemer

1 Samuel-Atoning One

2 Samuel-King & Throne

1 Kings-Glory Of The Lord

2 Kings-Royal Seed

1 Chronicles-Glorious King

2 Chronicles- Lord Appears to Solomon

Ezra-Lord God of Our Father

Nehemiah-Restorer of Israel

Esther-Advocate

Job-My Redeemer

Psalms-A Shepherd

Proverbs-Wisdom In Perfection-Source of Biological & Spiritual Life

Ecclesiastes-Significance of Life

Song of Solomon- Heavenly Bridegroom

Isaiah- Emanuel Counselor

Jeremiah- Divine Potter

Lamentations- Broken Hearted

Ezekiel- Glory of God

Daniel- Stone Out Of A Mountain

Hosea- Child Called Out Of Egypt

Joel- Lord That Roars Out Of Zion

Amos- Judge Of Nations

Obadiah- Lord Of A Coming Kingdom

Jonah- God’s Message To Gentiles

Micah- Bethlehem’s Baby

Nahum- Stronghold In Day Of Trouble

Habakkuk- Lord In The Holy Temple

Zephaniah- King of Israel

Haggai- Lord Of Host

Zechariah- Lord Riding In ON A Colt

Malachi- Coming Messenger & Son of Righteousness

Jesus , part of the Trinity, exposed in the fourth word of the first verse of The Book of Genesis, God, taken to original Hebrew language is translated as plural, therefore; Trinity explained, The Father, Son & Holy Spirit. Christ appeared throughout the Old Testament. Christ emptied Himself from heaven, became full man as well as remaining full God. Throughout the Old Testament God was with us. Throughout the New Testament believers’ eternal life Christ is in us, never leaves us. Therefore; the helper, The Holy Spirit is with us, within us and upon us. In order for a believer to walk as Holy as a human can, one must continuously be filled with the Holy Spirit.

Much planning by God to make the Old Testament happen, the history recorded, but most of all, afterwards sending His only begotten Son to die on the cross , be buried, beat death, arise, and ascend back to heaven, all this , just for you and I. God could have called down l0,000 angels and stopped His human death, but He did nothing, because He loves us so much.

GMM.